Nsalu yosalowa mafuta ndi mtundu wa nsalu yabwino kwambiri, yomwe si yosavuta kupakidwa mafuta, yosavuta kuyeretsa, imachepetsa ndalama zosamalira kwa ogula, kotero ndi yotchuka kwambiri pamsika wa ogula.

Ma compounds a fluorocarbon (PFC), omwe ndi omalizira nsalu zopanda mphamvu zambiri, amatha kukonza bwino momwe nsalu sizimalowa madzi/zimagwirira ntchito mafuta. Makamaka, ma polima a fluorocarbon okhala ndi unyolo wautali kale anali zinthu zazikulu pamsika. Komabe, ma fluorocarbon angakhudze thanzi la anthu komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe akagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zinthu zomwe amapangira sizingawonongeke mosavuta m'chilengedwe. European Union inaletsa kugulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito PFOS ndi PFOA mu 2008. Chifukwa chake, kupeza ndi kupanga zinthu zina zatsopano kwakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala a nsalu komanso makampani opanga utoto ndi kumaliza nsalu padziko lonse lapansi.

Posachedwapa, yunivesite ya Columbia yalengeza mtundu watsopano wa nsalu zothira mafuta zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito PFC pokonzekera. Ofufuzawa akuwonjezera kapangidwe kake pamwamba pa ulusi uliwonse, ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ka ulusiwo mwa kuwongolera kukula ndi mtunda wa kapangidwe kake, kuti akwaniritse ntchito yake yothira mafuta. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zawonetsa kuti nsaluzo sizinanyowe pamene mphamvu ya pamwamba inali yotsika ngati 23.9mn /m, ndipo zinali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mafuta a rapeseed, mafuta a azitona ndi mafuta a castor.

Mfundo yokonzekera ndi iyi: pamwamba pa nsaluyo pamakhala madzi oundana pambuyo podulidwa ndi plasma. Magulu ambiri a hydroxyl omwe amapangidwa pambuyo pa hydrolysis ya TEOS amatha kupanga gawo la reaction pa nsaluyo. Pambuyo pokonza, kapangidwe ka micro-nano kokhala ndi kuuma kwina kumatha kupangidwa. Komanso, mutaviika mu yankho la silanol, magulu ambiri a silanol pamwamba pa nsaluyo amatha kuchita ndi siloxane ya 1, 3-dichlorotetrachloromethyldisiloxane, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pamwamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya synergistic ya kapangidwe kouma komanso mphamvu yochepa pamwamba, nsaluyo imakhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa mafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pa zinthu za pamwamba ndi ulusi, zimatha kukhalapo bwino ngati zatsukidwa kapena kusweka, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti zimakhala zolimba mpaka pamlingo winawake. Kafukufukuyu akupereka malangizo olimbikitsira chitukuko chokhazikika cha zinthu zogwirira ntchito za nsalu.

Maulalo a thesis: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0591-9

(Chitsime: Blog Yovomerezeka ya Micro ya Textile Herald)